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Arizona Standards

Arizona 8th Grade Math Standards

All 38 Arizona math standards for 8th grade, each explained in plain English. The official wording is in Arizona Department of Education's document, linked at the end of this page.

38 standards

The Number System

3 standards
8.NS.A.1
Recognize irrational numbers as those that are not rational, and see that every number has a decimal form, with irrational ones never ending or repeating, like pi.
8.NS.A.2
Estimate irrational numbers with nearby rational values to compare them and place them on a number line, like √2 is about 1.41.
8.NS.A.3
Explain that between any two different rational or irrational numbers there is always both a rational number and an irrational number.

Expressions and Equations

8 standards
8.EE.A.1
Use the rules for integer exponents, including zero and negative powers, to rewrite numerical expressions in equivalent forms, like 3² × 3⁻⁵ = 1/27.
8.EE.A.2
Use square and cube root symbols to solve equations like x² = 49, find square roots of perfect squares to 225 and cube roots to 1,000, and know √2 is irrational.
8.EE.A.3
Estimate very large or very small amounts as a single digit times a power of 10, and tell how many times bigger one is, like 3 × 10⁸ is 100 times 3 × 10⁶.
8.EE.A.4
Compute with numbers in scientific notation, including problems that mix it with decimals, and pick sensible units for very large or very small measurements.
8.EE.B.5
Graph a proportional relationship, read its unit rate as the slope, and compare two such relationships shown in different ways, like a graph against an equation.
Common Core 8.EE.5
8.EE.B.6
Use similar triangles to explain why a non-vertical line has the same slope everywhere, and derive y = mx for lines through the origin and y = mx + b for others.
8.EE.C.7
Solve one-variable linear equations and inequalities fluently, expanding and combining like terms, and show when an equation has one, infinitely many or no solutions.
8.EE.C.8
Solve a pair of linear equations in two variables by graphing or algebra, knowing the solution is where the two lines cross, and use such pairs to solve word problems.
Common Core 8.EE.8

Function

5 standards
8.F.A.1
Explain that a function gives exactly one output for each input and that its graph is the set of input and output pairs, without needing function notation.
8.F.A.2
Compare two functions given in different ways, like one as a table and one as an equation, to see which has the greater rate of change.
Common Core 8.F.2
8.F.A.3
Recognize y = mx + b as a linear function with a straight-line graph, and give examples of functions that are not linear, like the area of a square from its side.
8.F.B.4
Write a linear function for a situation, find its rate of change and starting value from words, two points, a table or a graph, and explain what they mean.
8.F.B.5
Describe what a graph shows about two quantities, like where it rises, falls or curves, and sketch a graph from a verbal description.
Common Core 8.F.5

Geometry

9 standards
8.G.A.1
Test by experiment how rotations, reflections and translations keep lines straight, lengths and angles the same, and parallel lines parallel.
8.G.A.2
Explain that two figures are congruent when rotations, reflections and translations can map one onto the other, and describe such a sequence for congruent figures.
8.G.A.3
Describe what happens to a figure's coordinates when it is slid, turned, flipped or scaled up or down.
Common Core 8.G.3
8.G.A.4
Explain that two figures are similar exactly when rotations, reflections, translations and dilations can map one onto the other, and describe the steps that show it.
8.G.A.5
Argue informally why a triangle's angles add to 180 degrees, which angles match when a line crosses parallel lines, and why two equal angles make triangles similar.
Common Core 8.G.5
8.G.B.6
Explain what the Pythagorean Theorem says about right triangles and its converse, that a triangle whose sides fit a² + b² = c² must be a right triangle.
8.G.B.7
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find missing side lengths of right triangles in real and math problems, in both flat figures and three-dimensional ones.
8.G.B.8
Find the distance between two points on a coordinate grid by treating it as the long side of a right triangle.
Common Core 8.G.8
8.G.C.9
Use the volume formulas for cones, cylinders and spheres to solve real-world and math problems, like how much water a cylindrical tank holds.

Statistics and Probability

5 standards
8.SP.A.1
Make and read scatter plots of paired measurements to spot clusters, outliers, positive or negative association, and linear or nonlinear patterns.
8.SP.A.2
Draw a straight line of best fit by eye through a scatter plot that looks linear, and judge how well it fits by how close the points sit to it.
Common Core 8.SP.2
8.SP.A.3
Use the equation of a line fitted to paired data to solve problems, explaining what its slope and intercept mean, like extra plant growth per day.
8.SP.A.4
Build and read two-way tables of category data from the same subjects, and use row or column relative frequencies to look for a link between the variables.
8.SP.B.5
Find the probability of a compound event, like rolling double sixes, by listing outcomes in a table or tree diagram or by running a simulation.
Common Core 7.SP.8

Standards for Mathematical Practice

8 standards
8.MP.1
Make sense of multi-step eighth grade problems, like finding a diagonal inside a box, plan a route to the answer, and keep going through setbacks.
8.MP.2
Move between real situations and algebra, like writing a phone plan as y = 0.1x + 20 and explaining what the slope and intercept mean.
8.MP.3
Make and judge arguments about eighth grade ideas, like why two figures are congruent or whether an equation has no solution, and critique others' logic.
8.MP.4
Model real situations with linear functions, scatter plots and geometry, like using a trend line to predict next year's sales.
8.MP.5
Choose tools that fit eighth grade work, like graphing software for functions, tracing paper for transformations, or a calculator for scientific notation.
8.MP.6
State definitions exactly, like slope and function, and keep units, signs and scientific notation accurate when computing and reporting answers.
8.MP.7
Use structure, like seeing 3x + 6 as 3 times the sum of x and 2, or spotting a right triangle hidden in a coordinate grid, to simplify problems.
8.MP.8
Notice repeated calculations, like finding the slope between several pairs of points, and generalize them into a rule such as y = mx + b.

The official Arizona documents

The plain-English lines on this page are EMStudio's own explanations of Arizona's standards, not the official wording, which Arizona Department of Education publishes in the documents above. Codes and strand names identify each standard.